More industrial buildings have been created by performing steel construction assembly processes. However, in our country, in recent years and after the earthquake events, it has started to be preferred in buildings such as shopping malls, hospitals, schools, residences and multi-storey houses. It is always important to use expert personnel for all operations to be performed on steel structures. It is foreseen that personnel certified according to the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations are always used for steel construction assembly operations. With this method, it is aimed to minimize any problems that may occur during the assembly phase.
In steel construction structures, carrier system, systems made of steel columns and steel carriers are used. In steel structures, the steel components of the products designed and produced according to the project are assembled and installed. Installation of steel products can be made easier with the connection equipment created during the production phase. Bolt systems are used in assembly processes.
The structure of the steels to be used in the projected structures is determined. The solutions in steel structures are very wide. The use of steel products reduces costs in buildings and ensures rapid installation. Different factors are used in steel construction designs. Repeatable designs can be created for the same type of structures. The product dimensions to be used are determined by making a durability test according to the conditions of the structures in designs. In the designs, the structures, ground systems, leveling systems, roof systems are designed separately. It is important that the necessary work is done by experienced and technically competent personnel in order to be able to perform quality and safe work.
In our country, steel structure products are produced according to structural projects. According to the regulations, various components are used in steel structure manufacturing.
These components are;
When the productions are made according to these components, various crane systems are used for assembly operations. Since they are heavy parts, they can be raised to the desired height with the help of a crane and can be mounted more securely.
Steel construction assembly stages begin with bringing all products produced for the installation of the steel structure to the construction site. Assembly operations are carried out according to previously prepared three-dimensional visual systems. During the assembly phase, the assembly of the parts is made with bolt connections. Depending on the condition of the connection place, rivet or pin systems can be used according to the bolt location. Welding processes are not preferred in steel structures unless it is necessary.
In order for the steel construction assembly stages to be done correctly, a system must be created according to the specification. The planning to be made starts from the production of the steel structures and continues until the assembly process. According to the assembly order, the products should be separated and listed according to their types. According to the labeling made during the manufacturing phase, operations are carried out in a certain order during assembly. In the work to be done, every customer will expect low cost and fast quality installation. Steel structures are more economical structures compared to other building products. Since all stages from production to assembly are carried out with specific plans and projects, and passes through the quality control system at each stage, it ensures the emergence of safe and quality structures.
Before starting the steel construction assembly operations, the strength of the foundation and other settlements of the building should be checked and the assembly process should be started. After manufacturing, planning needs to be made to transport steel products to the construction site and determine the safest methods for assembly. Crane, mobile or fixed platforms should be preferred for assembly operations according to the building conditions. The robustness and periodic controls of the systems to be used should be reviewed at every process stage.
Mobile crane systems are more preferred as they have the capacity to move more easily in the interior of the building. The type of crane to be used according to the weight and size of the steel products produced must be calculated in advance. If a crane is to be used inside the building, it should be used after the installation of the ground and lower floors is completed and the design is approved.
In the assembly of large structures, more tower crane systems are installed. If more than one tower crane will be used, the position and height that will not hit each other during operation should be calculated and the installation should be done. Thanks to these cranes, steel structure assemblies will be made easier and faster.